Tara Bauman
Phonemic Awareness Content Knowledge Summary
Phonemic awareness takes phonological awareness to the next step. In phonemic awareness students use symbols or letters (graphemes) and assign them to sounds and their combinations. There are many different approaches to phonics including synthetic, analytic, analogy-based, phonics through spelling, and embedded phonics. In all of these approaches, students use letters and sounds in many different ways.
Vocabulary Terms
Phonemic Awareness: the ability to match sounds and alphabet letters
Grapheme: the written symbol either an individual letter or sequence of letters that are used to represent a single phoneme
Phoneme: the smallest speech sound
Onset: Initial phoneme of a word
Rime: The rest of the syllables after the onset
Blending: Ability to identify a word when hearing parts of the word in isolation
Segmentation: Adding or removing syllables
Deletion: Is the ability to identify how a word would sound if one sound were omitted.
Substitution: Adding or deleting phonemes
Alphabetic principle: Each sound is represented by a grapheme
Order of introducing letters
Introduce sounds simple to complex
-Simple continuous sounds that can be made easy to blend (m, s, f, r, n, and l)
Introduce a few letters/sounds at a time
Consider frequency or occurrence
-High frequency letters: e, t, a, i , n, o, s, h, r, d, r, l, c
Introduce vowels early
Introduce some 'buddy letters' early
-Digraphs : sh, ch, th
Separate similar letters and sounds that are easily confused by children
-b, p, d
-i and e, f and v
Group certain letters together
-ck, ch, ch
Alphabetic order not ideal
Concept of Print
What the assessment measures:
That print has meaning
Can be used for different purposes
Relationship between print and speech
Difference between letters and words
Words are separated by spaces
Difference between words and sentences
Punctuation at the end of a sentence
Parts of a book
Stories have a beginning, middle, and end
Concepts of print should be assessed twice in kindergarten at the start of the school year and then half way through. Children often master this skill in kindergarten or shortly after.
8 Levels of Development
1. Phoneme Isolation: Recognizing individual sounds in a word
2. Phoneme Identification: Recognizing the same sounds in different words
3. Phoneme Categorization: Recognizing the word in a set of three or four words that has the "odd" sound
4. Phoneme Blending: Listening to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes and combining the phonemes to form a word
5. Phoneme Segmentation: Breaking a word into its separate sounds and saying each sound as it is tapped out, counted, or signaled
6. Phoneme Deletion: Recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word
7. Phoneme Addition: Making a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word
8. Phoneme Substitution: Substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word
Artifact
Reading Strategies Bookmark
Retrieved From:Â
http://wp.lps.org/klangan/curriculum/reading-2/reading-strategies-bookmark/
Phonemic Awareness Instrucional Strategies
Elkonin Boxes
Elkonin boxes help students build phonemic awareness through segmenting words to individual sounds or phonemes. Students are given boxes and as they listen to the word, they count the number of phonemes and use the number of boxes accordingly.
Name Game
Students create their name out of play-dough using both uppercase and lowercase letters. After students’ finish making their names, have the smash or touch each letter as they say the sound in their name. Teachers can build on this strategy by having students use each other’s names or go around the room.
Matching Sounds
In this strategy students are learning to match sounds to pictures through picture sorts. This strategy would be used for beginner readers and level of difficulty can be adjusted.
Tap the Word
When students are looking at a text, students will then segment one of the words by tapping the number of syllables or letter sounds in the word.
Word Sorts
Students would complete a word sort to identify different sounds. By saying the words out loud students are better able to increase phonemic awareness and gets students familiar with different words.
Phonemic Awareness Website and Applications
Pbskids.org is website that can be used for phonemic awareness. This website allows for students to play phonemic awareness skill games. There many different games and there are also many levels for the students to play. I would use this in my classroom by having students use this website during computer time or simply as a tool for my students to use when other strategies are becoming tiring.
Rhyming Words
Rhyming Words is an app designed for students to identify sounds of words and figure out which words rhyme. Students are given pictures to choose from and they have to determine which words rhyme. I would use this app when there is time left for my students to work or I would suggest this app to my student’s parents for at home as an option for an educational game.
Prof's Phonics 1
Prof Phonics 1 is an app designed for 3 to 7-year-old children to develop their phonemic awareness. This app allows students to look at paintings and find words that start with a particular sound. By doing so, children realize that their words sometimes start with the same sounds and they discover different components of the alphabet.
Word Builder
Word Builder is a scientifically designed app that teaches students how to use letter-sound patterns. This app can be used for beginning readers or for readers who may need extra help. I would use this app in my classroom for students who are struggling. This app is a fun way to get students who may not enjoy words to experiment in a fun way to develop their phonemic awareness.